Substance Misuse And Substance Abuse Essay - 1837 Words

Substance misuse behaviour is the use of psychoactive substances in a manner that is harmful to the drug user, which often leads to addiction and thus the perpetuation of the substance misuse behaviour itself, the resulting substance dependence is a facet of substance misuse behaviour characterised by a strong desire to continually take the drug in uncontrolled manner, which leads to withdrawal symptoms once the dosage of the drug is discontinued (Koob, Sanna Bloom, 1998). This disorder has its roots in both neurobiological and social processes (Galizio Maisto, 2013), this essay will critically discuss both the biological and social catalysts in which substance misuse initiates and leads to substance misuse behaviour, with reference to the psychopharmacology of individual substances, biological processes as well as specific examples of social and psychosocial theories. There are numerous social processes behind substance misuse behaviour, these processes play a key role in the initial precedent for and beginnings of substance misuse behaviour in individuals, for example, substance misuse can initially arise because of a plethora of environmental factors; such as social relationships, culture, socioeconomic status and family systems (Gorsuch Butler, 1976). Family systems are an important influence on substance misuse behaviour, with research showing intergenerational affinity for substance misuse behaviour affecting learned behaviour of drug use (Gfroerer, 1987;Show MoreRelatedSubstance Misuse Practices : Binge Drinking, Prescription Drug Abuse And Heroin Use Among Young Adults1994 Words   |  8 PagesThe following section discusses key strategies to address the substance misuse practices such as: binge drinking, prescription drug abuse and heroin use among NH young adults. The main sub-themes identified by young adults include: academia educatio n, community resources, outreach education, family and friends, peer involvement, key messages and alternative strategies. Glad these (focus) groups exist, educating, helping. It s wicked important to feel like my opinion mattersRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Addiction : A Meta Analysis1711 Words   |  7 Pagesprimarily dependent of substance tends to affect an individual both physically and psychologically. When reformed, dependency settles in where abuser may have trouble living everyday life without substance sustaining abuser to tolerate the remainder of the day. In the journal article Deficits in Behavioral Inhibition in Substance Abuse and Addiction: A meta-analysis authors Smith, Mattick, Jamadar, Iredale stated â€Å"The results are generally consistent with the view that substance use disorders and addictionlikeRead MoreSubstance Abuse in Older Population1556 Words   |  6 Pagesof defense in helping the elderly who are struggling with substance abuse is assisting them in recognizing there is a problem and correctly screening for substance abuse (Han et al., 2009). This primary role of the p hysician is essential to the treatment of the older patient’s medical needs. The medical community plays an important role in the lives of older people. Physicians prescribe the medications which a person might possibly abuse. It is the responsibility of the physician to identify andRead MoreEducation Is An Integral Part Of A Child s Upbringing785 Words   |  4 Pagesit remains highly important to require academic institutions to educate and inform students regarding substance use and its consequences. SAMHSA recommends instituting programs at an early age, for example, the Good Behavior Game introduced in elementary schools, is a management strategy aimed at reducing aggressive, disruptive classroom behavior, a risk factor for adolescent and illicit drug abuse (SAMHSA, 2016). Similarly the focus group participants mentioned that Academia Education from K-12 gradeRead MoreModels in the Substance Abuse Field 1206 Words   |  5 PagesThe term substance refers to all psyc ho active substances –â€Å"any substances when taken by a living organism may modify its mood perception, cognition deportment or motor function,† (DSM-IV, 4th edition) whether it is legal or illegal. Substance abuse refers to the utilization of a drug or other substances for non-medical purposes with the aim of engendering a mind-altering effect in the utilizer (MOH, 2005). It involves the utilization of illegal substances such as cannabis, misuse of licit drugsRead MoreWhat Is The Total Economic Burden Of Prescription Opioid Abuse?1662 Words   |  7 PagesEvent Paper 2 â€Å"The total economic burden of prescription opioid misuse alone in the United States is $78.5 billion a year, including the costs of healthcare, lost productivity, addiction treatment, and criminal justice involvement†. -The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Substance abuse disorders have been considered a major epidemic by public health authorities during this century. Most recently, those who use, and abuse opioids have been in the spotlight. The growing number of overdosesRead MoreSubstance Abuse and Chemical Dependency1703 Words   |  7 Pageswebsite, Substance abuse is used to describe a pattern of substance (drug) use leading to significant problems or distress such as failure to attend work/school, substance use in dangerous situations (driving a car), substance-related legal problems, or continued substance use that interferes with friendships and or family relationships. Substance abuse, as a disorder, refers to the abuse of illegal substances or the abusive use of legal substances. Alcohol is the most common legal drug of abuse. ChemicalRead MoreMental Health And Substance Use Problems Disorders1692 Words   |  7 Pagesof US citizens age 18 and older live with a brain disorder combined with another problem. To put it another way, almost 1/5th of the US population lives with mental illness and either a substance use disorder or some other issue (SAMHSA, 2016). A co-occurring problem is defined as the coexistence of both a substance use disorder and mental health problem (SAMSHA, 2016). Other examples of co-occurring problems include pathological gambling, eating disorders and those previously stated are all treatableRead MoreSubstance Abuse in Older Populations1147 Words   |  5 PagesThe issue of substance misuse and abuse among the elderly population is complex. The elderly rarely use alcohol or drugs to get high rather drug or alcohol use that begins after age 60 appears fundamentally different (Culberson Ziska 2008). The elderly sometimes turn to alcohol and drugs to alleviate the physical and psycho logical pain from the onslaught of medical and psychiatric illness, the loss of loved ones or social isolation (Culberson Ziska 2008). Elderly patients have a combinationRead MorePersuasive Essay On Drug Abuse1228 Words   |  5 PagesToday, drug abuse has become a controversial subject where various individuals have different views. Substance abuse is a substantial dilemma among people and easily spread in schools, work environments, and even in homes. Drug abuse starts in utterly reasons, but can begin in adolescence with peer pressure or friends using them, family environment that has violent, physical, or emotional abuse, and inherited genetics with mental health conditions as depression, anxiety, or ADHD (National Institute

Discrimination The Biggest Known Social Problems

Discrimination is one of the biggest known social problems that everyone will come across during their life. Everybody discriminates people in some type of way; this could range from big to small types of discrimination also. Sometimes people don’t even realize they are discriminating others either, because it has become such a normal thing. This could be something as simple as stating your own opinion, being rude, stereotyping, or even just cracking a joke to your buddies. The problem with doing those things is that you may be affecting someone a lot more then you are actually realizing. To you it could just come off as a playful joke, but to that person who would be the target; it could become a life threating type of joke. Discrimination of (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) LGBT individuals is the type of discrimination I will be talking about in this paper. This is one of the bigger problems that is happening globally right now, and it really is affecting more people than most people realize. The biggest problems to the â€Å"normal† person when it comes to a LGBT member is that they are viewed as different. They don’t follow the normal lifestyle when it comes to love, and interests. The normal way to live is supposed to be a man and a woman fall in love to create a family, because it works. Obviously if someone is interested in their own sex they can’t physically have kids together. To a lot of people that is a problem. People see it as disturbing, and un-natural. TheyShow MoreRelatedWhat Causes Juvenile Delinquency?758 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Causes and Solutions of Juvenile Delinquency Posted by:  ReadingCraze.com  March 15, 2013 in  Adolescence,  Family and Parenting  Leave a comment Juvenile  delinquency  is also known as teenage crime. It is like any crime that human beings commit but these crime differ becasue they are committed by young people. Before coming of age  girls and boys  have less understanding of the world. Parents, friends and teachers are all responsible along with the juvenile who commit a crime. This is why courts do notRead MoreB Dubois Prejudice And Discrimination1717 Words   |  7 PagesW.E.B Dubois-Prejudice and Discrimination Since the beginning of history around the 1600’s slavery was common, and people were used to pick crops and do other things their owners required of them. Slavery lasted till around the late 1800’s when the 13th amendment was adopted and slavery was abolished. In the 20th and 21st century is when African Americans were starting to be treated as first class citizens. Today one of the most powerful men in the United States is an African American; he holdsRead MoreRace After The Internet by Lisa Nakamura and Peter Chow-White 1411 Words   |  6 Pagessegment that was aired on television. Secondly is the case involving Trayvon Martin and George Zimmerman. The internet plays a much bigger role on racial profiling than you may think. One way the internet influences racial discrimination against black Americans is mostly based on social media. Over the years one would think society would change to a more peaceful, equal state of mind but instead it hasnt changed and may ha ve actually got worse by making it more acceptable when really it’s not. AnotherRead MoreThe Gender Differences Of The United States Work Force1721 Words   |  7 PagesNovember 30, 2014 Sex Segregation in the U.S. Work Force This research paper focuses on the gender differences that take part in the U.S. workforce. It discusses the manner in which men and women are subtly segregated. We refuse to believe that discrimination as such continues to exist in the 21st century, yet it’s the ugly truth. A gender gap is created due to differences in authority, pay, and promotion. Research shows us that economic variations exist and, through past cases we see that even thoughRead MoreBlack Americans And The Criminal Justice System994 Words   |  4 Pagessystematic racism is included under the guise of the criminal justice system. The U.S. is historically infamous for it’s open racial discrimination against black Americans, up until systematic racism became one of the more dominant forms of discrimination in the most recent years. Systematic racism has been shrouded under societal ignorance and regulated particularly by social and political groups in order to keep the human rights of black Americans frigid and nearly inevident. One of the many forms ofRead MoreLegal And Social Justice For Hispanics And Women1635 Words   |  7 PagesLegal and Social Justice for Latinos and Women America is most known for its diversity, with immigrants from almost everywhere on Earth. The American Dream has lured many minorities to the land of the free and home of the brave, in search of opportunity. Though the U.S. is known for its â€Å"American Dream,† America does not have equal opportunity for all of its people. Women and Latinos, specifically, have been denied social and legal equality, with both movements starting in the 1960`s. Latinos hadRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Outsiders 906 Words   |  4 PagesOutsiders by S.E.Hilton is one of the most well-known books of all time. S.E. Hilton was born in July 22, 1948 in Tulsa, Oklahoma. She wrote the book, when she was fifteen, and it was published during a first year in college at the University of Tulsa (Hinton). The book made a huge impact. The book sold more than 14 million copies, and it’s the number one selling young adult book in history (Hinton). She would become really popular, and she would b e would be known as â€Å"The Voice of the Youth.† The bookRead MoreProblems With The Health Insurance1489 Words   |  6 Pageshave many problems that society may view as harmful or problems that need a remedy to fix, there problems are called a social problem. Social problems can range from school problems to drug problems. Each person in America can have their own opinion of what a social problem is to them. Just like with time, social problems will change, some will come and some will go. So, for right now in time one of the biggest social problems I can see in America is the healthcare. There are many problems with theRead MoreNegative Effects Of Socialization1003 Words   |  5 Pagescommonly known as Socialization, but that is only a part of what socialization is all about. Socialization is about an individual acquiring a personal identity and learns the norms, values, behavior, and social skills appropriate to his or her social position. A class divided is about a third grade classroom that does a activity that divided the class by their eye color. The obvious reason for this activity was to teach a hard to grip subject for younger kids. Discrimination towardsRead MoreSexual Harassment Laws Essays581 Words   |  3 Pages Sexual harassment is one of the biggest problems facing our schools and businesses today. A week rarely goes by without a reminder of the pervasiveness of sexual harassment as a social problem. The definition of sexual harassment is any unwanted or inappropriate sexual attention. That includes touching, looks, comments, or gestures. A key part of

Skeuomorphic and Flat Design Essay Example For Students

Skeuomorphic and Flat Design Essay What is skeuomorphic design? This word, in all its obscurity, describes the way design borrows particular features from the past i. e. shutter noises that are prerecorded to remind us of analog film cameras or calendars that use lined paper or ring bindings. The official explanation for what constitutes skeuomorphic design goes something like this. â€Å"A skeuomorph is a physical ornament or design on an object copied from a form of an object when made from another material or by other techniques†. While this explanation only mentions â€Å"physical ornaments† digital design has seen the popularity of skeuomorphism rise since the introduction of the iOS inspired trends such as realistic textures and life-like control. The opposite of this is called â€Å"Flat style† to which Microsoft’s Metro UI is the most commonly used example. Flat style incorporates minimalism, lack of texture or lighting effects for flat shapes and colours. To put it in a more precise way this new trend is not always about Skeuomorphism, which implies connections to past designs but rather, more often about realism. Realism is a purely visual style that tries to imitate real world materials and textures, which can be exemplified by Apples use of leather textures in some of their own apps. Often these 2 design styles can be used in conjunction with each other: Skeuomorphic design tends to look realistic to make the connection to the real life object obvious and realistic objects tend to look skeuomorphic because the realism would look weird and out of place otherwise. So if we look at realism as a purely visual style we can see that skeuomorphism affects design on a much deeper level. Loren Brichter from Tweetie Letterpress states, Skeuomorphism is not bad at all. We need that to interact with devices in a human way. Gaudy textures are just a visual design problem I hope they tone it down. â€Å" So if this issue is â€Å"gaudy textures†, how did we end up with them? And how come designers are getting tired of them? The recent backlash against flat design can be traced to the introduction of the iPhone way back in 2007. Before the iPhone realistic user interfaces were something that we only really saw in video games. In order to immerse the players into the game world designers created their interfaces from wood, stone and metal. Diablo 2 is a prime example of this sort of design, where by stone-wrought menu screens and glass health meters supported by gothic statues are used. In a more serious context realism is still very limited, one notable exception was the introduction of glass, web 2. 0 style buttons on early versions of Mac OS X. One might say that these incarnations of â€Å"gaudy† buttons were early warning signs for Steve Job’s obsession with realism. With iOS however, apple decided to embrace realism further as the appeal of realism is something that undeniably cannot be ignored. As much as we are used to and probably slightly sick of the use of textures and page turn animations, before the introduction of the iPhone consumers had never experienced this kind of OS interface, especially not on a mobile phone. Its important not to forget that the iPhone was a completely new type of device to users and that by using realism it was a way to link the past to the future. A mediums technical restraint will always influence the art that is being produced and this is as true for mobile devices as it is for a painter creating a portrait. There are some practical factors that mean that realism works well on the iPhone; for starters, on a smartphone apps take up the entirety of the screen, unlike a desktop computer. This means that 2 apps will never be displayed side by side meaning that different design styles can be expressed without the risk of incoherence. It is important to note that the iPhone was intended to be used by a finger as opposed to a stylus, Apple designers found out this meant the touch target area couldn’t be smaller than a certain size, 44 x 44 pixels according to Apple’s Human Interface Guidelines. .uf104cc45845a50c2a85cf2f867fddb20 , .uf104cc45845a50c2a85cf2f867fddb20 .postImageUrl , .uf104cc45845a50c2a85cf2f867fddb20 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf104cc45845a50c2a85cf2f867fddb20 , .uf104cc45845a50c2a85cf2f867fddb20:hover , .uf104cc45845a50c2a85cf2f867fddb20:visited , .uf104cc45845a50c2a85cf2f867fddb20:active { border:0!important; } .uf104cc45845a50c2a85cf2f867fddb20 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf104cc45845a50c2a85cf2f867fddb20 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf104cc45845a50c2a85cf2f867fddb20:active , .uf104cc45845a50c2a85cf2f867fddb20:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf104cc45845a50c2a85cf2f867fddb20 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf104cc45845a50c2a85cf2f867fddb20 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf104cc45845a50c2a85cf2f867fddb20 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf104cc45845a50c2a85cf2f867fddb20 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf104cc45845a50c2a85cf2f867fddb20:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf104cc45845a50c2a85cf2f867fddb20 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf104cc45845a50c2a85cf2f867fddb20 .uf104cc45845a50c2a85cf2f867fddb20-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf104cc45845a50c2a85cf2f867fddb20:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The design and planning phase EssayPrevious smartphones used bunched up lists and smaller icons, which meant that attention to design details and graphic aesthetic was limited at best. Fancy design and graphical elements just didn’t have the space within the simplified interface. In terms of the iPhone, it’s larger touch targets led to changing requirements to preserve space but have optimum usage. This led to a less is more approach to interface design. So what are the issues with skeuomorphic design? As I’ve mentioned previously a lot has been said about the way skeuomorphism and realism are displayed, usually resulting in tacky looking leather or wooden UI controls. So to start, if realism is done wrong then it becomes unpleasant and â€Å"cheap†, after all buying a fake leather jacket or mock wood flooring are considered to be distasteful so the same can be said for our touch screens. There are also issues with skeuomorphic design being executed in the wrong way: just by making an object look real but not operate in the way it is meant to is known as the â€Å"uncanny value† in interface design. The best example of this is Apple’s Contacts app for the iPad, it’s interface looks identical to iBooks, yet Contacts doesn’t let the user swipe left and right to flip between pages thus rejecting the convention of how we read a book. The more pressing and subtle issue lies in the functionality of skeuomorphic interfaces regardeless of whether they appear realistic or not. Often when borrowing ideas from a previous design you are forced to work within the previous incarnations limits, even if those limitations don’t exist today. For example if we look at some modern calendar app designs they use a single page per month interface rather than using a central view to focus on that current week. This is a convention carried over from real life calendar design whereby the object is limited by the physical concept of a page. Another quite interesting example is the calculator for Apple iOS which apps a realistic calculator to simulate the physical calculators limits within a digital space and features single line screen and minimal button options. In contrast to this if we look another app that uses the same iOS called Calcbot it does a much better job at reducing those limitations by using a â€Å"history† function that actual calculators wouldn’t have. When executed in the correct way skeuomorphism and realism are able help the user make associations with the objects real life counterpart. Sometimes this association can be a bad thing, as it doesn’t allow for building upon and improving what has been done before. Flat style, like skeuomorphic is not without its own problems too. To start as a fairly new design concept it is inevitably going to be abused by designers who want to jump on the bandwagon without consideration for their design choices. In comparison to realism being taken too far and it being seen as distasteful, minimalism can compromise and objects usability if taken too far. The user has taken to relying on clues to navigate through the interface, hints from rounded corners on buttons to subtle gradients, inner shadows and floating navigation bars all help to provide us with definition. Remove these elements and we are left with a flat interface, void of any texture of realism where everything becomes slightly confusing. Buttons become banners and suddenly were unsure whether we should tap or not. As practitioners of design it is important to maintain functionality as well as clever design, so does this flat style mean that we will have to put aside our own aesthetic ideals in rue of functionality? Do our aesthetic pursuits in some way compromise the needs of the user? Sometimes repetition of a previous visual style is a means to an end. .u8bb293b82bd40b004f7780dbc4b3cbc0 , .u8bb293b82bd40b004f7780dbc4b3cbc0 .postImageUrl , .u8bb293b82bd40b004f7780dbc4b3cbc0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8bb293b82bd40b004f7780dbc4b3cbc0 , .u8bb293b82bd40b004f7780dbc4b3cbc0:hover , .u8bb293b82bd40b004f7780dbc4b3cbc0:visited , .u8bb293b82bd40b004f7780dbc4b3cbc0:active { border:0!important; } .u8bb293b82bd40b004f7780dbc4b3cbc0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8bb293b82bd40b004f7780dbc4b3cbc0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8bb293b82bd40b004f7780dbc4b3cbc0:active , .u8bb293b82bd40b004f7780dbc4b3cbc0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8bb293b82bd40b004f7780dbc4b3cbc0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8bb293b82bd40b004f7780dbc4b3cbc0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8bb293b82bd40b004f7780dbc4b3cbc0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8bb293b82bd40b004f7780dbc4b3cbc0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8bb293b82bd40b004f7780dbc4b3cbc0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8bb293b82bd40b004f7780dbc4b3cbc0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8bb293b82bd40b004f7780dbc4b3cbc0 .u8bb293b82bd40b004f7780dbc4b3cbc0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8bb293b82bd40b004f7780dbc4b3cbc0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Next Millennium Of Graphic Design EssayIf the object calls for realism then the object should look and operate on a realistic level but if the aesthetic of flat design completes the design objective better then maybe it is better to move on from skeuomorphic and realism and embrace modern minimalism once again. With the release of the latest iOS 7 from Apple we have seen a dramatic change in the user interface, as it seems that apple has embraced flat minimalism over realism ending much of the hyped speculation and comparisons to the â€Å"Apple vs Microsoft† debate. So does this mean that realistic app design is a thing of the past? In my opinion I think that flat design forces you to care about typography and the layout of a page, both being areas that web design has lost out to by its print counterpart. When looking at mobile technology flat design makes it easier to focus on animations or interactions, using apps like Letterpress and Clear are more comforting on the eye. This is not to say that realism doesn’t have its place it’s just that until our tools can catch up there is nothing wrong with keeping it simple and lightweight.